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Selecting the most Economical Vessel Head: The cost of any pressure vessel head is based on a combination of metal costs and manufacturing costs. Manufacturing cost is based on combination of shape, thickness, and method of forming. As the metal becomes more expensive, it becomes necessary to use thinner and

Adsorption operations exploit bound solids ability to preferentially concentrate specific substances from solutions (gaseous or liquid) onto their surfaces. Thus, by contacting fluids with such solids, the required objective of purification or separation is also achieved. The extent of adsorption of a given scenario is reached once equilibrium is